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            <h1><a href="http://copia.posterous.com" title="Copia&#146;s posterous" rel="index">Copia&#146;s posterous</a></h1>
            
              <h2>Ogbujis on an abundance of topics</h2>
            
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                      <a href="http://posterous.com/people/10GQuVhhSMN" title="Uche Ogbuji's profile" rel="contributor">
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                      <a href="http://posterous.com/people/10xO4b8IeU9" rel="contributor">Chimezie Ogbuji</a>
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                  <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-06-13"><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/seven-poems">June 13, 2010</a></time>
                
                
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                <h1><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/seven-poems">Seven poems</a></h1>
              
              
      	        
            
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                <p>As I've woken up a bit recently to get back to what I truly love, poetry, editing <a href="http://www.thenervousbreakdown.com/category/poetry">the genre for The Nervous Breakdown (TNB)</a>, and writing with a consistency I last remember from years ago, I've had some very kind requests for me to share some of my poetry.  I've decided to start with a small collection of poems that already appear on the 'net in one form or another, some of which were published in journals, and some of which I just put up myself.<p /> <strong><a href="http://www.thenervousbreakdown.com/uogbuji/2010/03/growing-up-misfit/">"Growing up Misfit"</a></strong> (2010, published in TNB) I captioned this: "Uche writes a poem about his adventures constantly moving, and never fitting in." It was my debut poem on TNB, having done a lot of talking about poetry prior to publishing that.  I wrote it specially for a reading at the TNB New York live event to which <a href="http://www.thenervousbreakdown.com/kwetherell">Kimberley</a> kindly invited me.  Look on the upper right hand of the page for an audio of my reading a somewhat older version of the poem.<p /> <strong><a href="http://www.fieralingue.it/corner.php?pa=printpage&amp;pid=3082">"Mountain Summer"</a></strong> and <strong><a href="http://www.fieralingue.it/corner.php?pa=printpage&amp;pid=3080">"Fever Pitch Tent"</a></strong> (1995, published in ELF: Eclectic Literary Forum)  Soon after I graduated I took a road trip with friends, flying into Ft. Collins, Colorado, and driving to San Francisco. It is on that trip that I fell in love with Colorado and resolved to move here as soon as I could.  It was a trip full of marvelous memories of friendship and adventure, which I captured in a few poems, three of which were published in ELF: Eclectic Literary Forum, my favorite poetic journal, and sadly long defunct.  (BTW if anyone knows of an current journal with similar aesthetics to those established by ELF's Cynthia Erbes, please let me know).<p /> <strong><a href="http://www.fieralingue.it/corner.php?pa=printpage&amp;pid=3083">"Supermarket Perimeter"</a></strong>  (2007, published in Fiera Lingue)  As I recall I happened to be flipping channels one day and caught a bit of a reality TV show where a fitness guru was teaching a slovenly youth about eating well.  She told him "the trick to supermarkets is that all the healthy food is on the outside..." That's probably a commonplace, but nothing I'd really thought of before.  I was immediately struck by the idea that a modern lesson about healthy eating might be packaged so completely into the boundary of a supermarket.  I was inspired to have a little fun with the phenomenon.<p /> <strong><a href="http://copia.ogbuji.net/files/caramusis/carotid.xml">"Carotid"</a></strong>  (2005, unpublished) Not much really to say about this one.  It just sprang from one of those magical moments.<p /><strong><a href="http://www.fieralingue.it/corner.php?pa=printpage&amp;pid=3079">"Eliot"</a></strong>  (2005, published in Fiera Lingue) I've written several poems about major influences in my poetical career, and one of these concerns T.S. Eliot, who is a most ambiguous figure for me, as reflected in this poem, and as I've often mentioned here on Copia. I've put a lot into study of his impeccable craft, but as a Humanist I find myself appalled by his misanthropy (and its apparent wellspring in misogyny and other bigotries).<p /> <strong><a href="http://www.thenervousbreakdown.com/sappho/2010/04/sappho-and-old-age/">"Sappho and Old Age"</a></strong>  (2010, published in TNB) We have weekly features in the TNB poetry section. One week we learned that our scheduled feature had fallen through. I'm not sure what possessed me (rimshot) but I decided to build a feature around my translation of Sappho's Tithonus poem, which I squeezed into the two days prior to deadline. Here are some <a href="http://copia.posterous.com/notes-on-my-sappho-translation">more notes on the effort</a>.<p /> I have a few more poems coming out here and there in a month or two, and I'll post links in comments as they emerge.  I really haven't been submitting my poems about (it's just so much work to pile upon everything else I juggle), and this year's opportunities have pretty much fallen in my lap.  I guess I should get around to finding at least a little time for the submissions grind.</p>
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                      <h1>Posted by <a href="http://posterous.com/people/10GQuVhhSMN" rel="author">Uche Ogbuji <img src=" http://files.posterous.com/user_profile_pics/12903/IMG_0920-cropped_thumb.jpg" alt="Uche Ogbuji" /></a></h1>
                    
    					
          
                    
    	        
            
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                  <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-06-10"><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/quotidie-tincture-of-tigritude">June 10, 2010</a></time>
                
                
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                <h1><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/quotidie-tincture-of-tigritude">Quotīdiē ❧ Tincture of tigritude</a></h1>
              
              
      	        
            
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                <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; padding-left: 1ex;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Who-Fears-Death-Nnedi-Okorafor/dp/075640617X"><img src="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/418uhuZgaYL._SL500_AA300_.jpg" border="0" height="300" alt="Who Fears Death" style="float: right; padding-left: 1em;" width="300" /></a>One of my favorite quotes is from one of my greatest idols, Nigeria's great writer and Nobel Laureate Wole Soyinka: "A tiger does not proclaim its tigritude. It pounces." This tiger of a story [<a href="http://us.penguingroup.com/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9780756406172,00.html?Who_Fears_Death_Nnedi_Okorafor"><em>Who Fears Death</em></a>] definitely pounced on me without proclamation or warning. I'm glad I was ready for it. <br />
</blockquote>
<p>—Nnedi Okorafor—<a href="http://us.penguingroup.com/static/html/blogs/tigritude-story-nnedi-okorafor">"The Tigritude of a Story"</a><p />Soyinka's famous quote, made in response to the Négritude movement of Senghor, Césaire, and other Francophone African writers has always resonated with me as well.  Afrocentrism that spends most of its time contemplating its own plumage was perhaps inevitable in those early days, so soon after the colonial yokes had been thrown off.  But having been immersed in our own reality, having, as Nnedi also mentions, endured wars of desperation such as the Biafran, having lived to see our resources squandered and the legacy of revolutionary leaders turned despots, we're past time for preening.  If we plan to survive, it's well past mealtime.  We'd better pounce.<p /> To be fair, Négritude never really took off in Anglophone Africa.  In <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Christopher-Okigbo-Modern-African-Writers/dp/0841900868/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&amp;s=books&amp;qid=1276236533&amp;sr=1-2">"Christopher Okigbo,"</a> Sunday Anozie quotes a letter sent to him by the great Nigerian poet.  In 1966 Okigbo had been invited to the Negro Festival of Arts in Dakar, where his poem <em>Limits</em> was awarded first prize.  Okigbo wrote:<p /> </p>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; padding-left: 1ex;">About Dakar.  I did not go... I found the whole idea of a negro arts festival based on colour quite absurd.  I did not enter any work either for the competition, and was most surprised when I heard a prize had been awarded to <em>Limits</em>.  I have written to reject it.<br />
</blockquote>
<p><br />As Anozie says, "This sums up Okigbo's whole attitude to the color stress in Négritude."  Soyinka's reaction was of the same kind.  Anozie does actually surprise me by going on to claim that Okigbo's objections are ultimately shallow, and Soyinka's "cynical."  To be honest, I find a lot that annoys me in Anozie's book, overall, but he also does more to plumb Okigbo's depths than anyone else I've seen, so it's still well worth a read.<p /> But I do think Okigbo and Soyinka are right to shrug off the totems of tigritude, I think we're seeing a generation of African writers come into their own through the urgency of the modern African reality I describe above.  I look forward to reading Nnedi's own testament, which UPS delivered yesterday.</p>
<p><br />By the way, Nnedi says:<p /></p>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; padding-left: 1ex;">Amongst the Igbos, back in the day, girls who were believed to be ogbanjes were often circumcised (a.k.a. genital mutilated) as a way to cure their evil ogbanje tendencies.<br />
</blockquote>
<p><br />I had heard of female circumstances in parts of Igbo land, but I hadn't heard of its use as a counter to Ogbanje.  I wonder whether that custom was widespread in Igbo land (as for example destruction of twins was a custom more in the far south than elsewhere).  Time to ask our elders some straight questions.</p>
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                      <h1>Posted by <a href="http://posterous.com/people/10GQuVhhSMN" rel="author">Uche Ogbuji <img src=" http://files.posterous.com/user_profile_pics/12903/IMG_0920-cropped_thumb.jpg" alt="Uche Ogbuji" /></a></h1>
                    
    					
          
                    
    	        
            
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                  <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-06-02"><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/uploaded-presentations">June 2, 2010</a></time>
                
                
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                <h1><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/uploaded-presentations">Uploaded Presentations</a></h1>
              
              
      	        
            
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                <p>I&rsquo;ve updated a bunch of extant
<a href="http://www.slideshare.net/chimezie/presentations">presentations</a> I&rsquo;ve
given (including the one I will give at this year&rsquo;s Semantic
Technologies Conference: <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/chimezie/restful-semanticweb">Characteristics of a RESTful Semantic Web
and Why They Are
Important</a>) to
my Slideshare account.  I was updating my LinkedIn profile and
discovered you can add <em>applications</em> for tools such as TripIt and
Slideshare, which is very useful.  While I was there I uploaded the 8
presentations I could find.  Web-based, professional networking and
profile tools have come a long way.</p>
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                      <h1>Posted by <a href="http://posterous.com/people/10xO4b8IeU9" rel="author">Chimezie Ogbuji <img src=" http://files.posterous.com/user_profile_pics/15467/125123721_6a703b3e4f_o_thumb.jpg" alt="Chimezie Ogbuji" /></a></h1>
                    
    					
          
                    
    	        
            
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                  <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-06-01"><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/quotidie-modernism-16th-century-style">June 1, 2010</a></time>
                
                
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                <h1><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/quotidie-modernism-16th-century-style">Quotīdiē ❧ Modernism, 16th century style</a></h1>
              
              
      	        
            
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                <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="font-family: monospace;">Her face       Her tongue       Her wytt<br />So faier       So sweete        So sharpe<br />first bent     then drewe       then hitt<br /> myne eye       myne eare        my harte<p />Myn eye        Myne eare        My harte<br />to lyke        to learne        to love<br />her face       her tongue       her wytt<br />doth leade     doth teache      doth move<p /> Her face       Her tongue       Her wytt<br />with beames    with sounde      with arte<br />doth blynd     doth charm       doth knitt<br />myne eye       myne eare        my harte<p />Myne eye       Myne eare        My harte<br /> with lyfe      with hope        with skill<br />her face       her tongue       her witt<br />doth feede     doth feaste      doth fyll<p />O face         O tongue         O wytt<br />with frownes   with checks      with smarte<br /> wronge not     vex nott         wounde not<br />myne eye       myne eare        my harte<p />This eye       This eare        This harte<br />shall Joye     shall yeald      shall swear<br />her face       her tongue       her witt<br /> to serve       to truste        to feare.<br />
</blockquote>
<p><br />—Sir Arthur Gorges—"Her Face"<p />To start where credit is due, I first read this 16th century love lyric on <a href="http://hypsarrythmia.livejournal.com/158141.html">Hypsarrythmia's LiveJournal page</a>, linked from discussion of The Guardian's poem of the week selection, <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/booksblog/2010/may/17/poetry">Sir Philip Sidney's "Certain Sonnets #30" AKA "Ring Out Your Belles."</a>  And Bravo! to The Guardian.  Now and then they really fall flat with their choices, but for the most part, their <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/series/poemoftheweek">"Poem of the Week"</a> series is a fine, ongoing discussion of poetry on the Web, with very intelligent discussion, and some real discoveries to be found on the comment boards.  I'm hoping to provide another such, aimed at a somewhat different audience in my <a href="http://www.thenervousbreakdown.com/uogbuji/2010/05/poetry-for-the-nervous-vol-1/">"Poetry for the Nervous"</a> series.<p /> It's long annoyed me to hear so many of modernisms's characteristics treated as 19th or 20th century inventions.  No disrespect intended to Whitman or <a href="http://copia.posterous.com/quotidie-eliot-milton-and-ars-versificandi">Dickinson</a>, but whether it's Whitman's list-making or Dickinson's occasional fragmentation, you find the traces well before them in the past.  British critics often look to Hardy and Hopkins and The Rhymer's Clubbers in charting the course to modernism, and Americans and Brits both look towards the movements of French poets that heaved off the "strait-jacket  of the French Classical alexandrine," in Robert Graves's words.  Graves goes on to say "English has worn no strait-jacket since the Age of Obsequiousness," by which he meant the age dominated by Alexander Pope.  Graves is right, but he forgets that the French tradition was also shanghied into their straits, as anyone can tell with reference to no less obscure example than Villon.  It always strikes me that neither set of critic tends to give non-European influence the credit it deserves.  Many are all keen to rave about "The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam," but they forget how much attention Fitzgerald's translation focused back on "exotic" sources.  That's all topic for another day.<p /> In Britain, it's a nonce of effort to find modernist characteristics from Chaucer to Dryden, the influence of whose massive body of work was the main strap in the subsequent strait-jacket.  Lewis Turco points out <a href="http://lewisturco.typepad.com/poetics/2010/05/mannerly-margery-milk-and-ale.html">the line from Skelton to Hopkins</a> (<a href="http://lewisturco.typepad.com/">that Weblog</a> is another wonderful and well-maintained resource for lovers of poetry.)  Anyone who's seen <em>carmina figurata</em>, e.g. the visual experiments of Herbert and company will recognize that, barring the limits of Renaissance typesetting, they were heading straight for Concrete Poetry.  Imagism can be traced all the way back to Sappho, for example, or the extravagant tropes of Provençal troubador poets, never mind the Metaphysical poets.  I've heard that the checkmate of supposed 20th-century innovation is the collage style: the use of fragmentation itself as a device to complete expression and fuel emotional immediacy.  I've heard that cinema and discoveries in psychology from archetypes to gestalt were prerequisites of this collage style.  I've never really credited this, and I'm always pleased to find classic examples of poems squarely in recognized traditions of modernist critics which demonstrate precedence.<p /> "Her face" prefigures collage style in its fashion, including the use of layout to enhance the sense of fragmentation.  Of course, since this is in the hands of a fairly skilled versifier, the layout becomes not just a visual device but an aural one as well.  When I read it, the spacing has the effect of slightly promoting the iambs to spondees.  I find myself struck by the sense of rhythmic incantation, and it truly heightens the tone of supplication to the lover, enhancing the literal sense.<p /> I've never had a problem with the fact that whether of ancient or truly new origins, modernism has focused unprecedented critical attention on such techniques.  My problem is that so many people have taken this to mean that modernist devices should <em>replace</em> traditional ones, rather than complementing them.  I'm hopeful that some of the 21st century reactions to modernism that I'm seeing as an editor will eventually work us towards embracing the importance of traditional technique as well as modernist consciousness.<p /> One final note on Sydney's CS #30 is that The Guardian prints it without the indentation I've seen for it.  I prefer the indented version.<p /></p>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; padding-left: 1ex;">Ring out your belles, let mourning shewes be spread,<br />   For love is dead:<br />      All Love is dead, infected<br />      With plague of deepe disdaine:<br />      Worth as naught worth rejected,<br />      And Faith faire scorne doth gaine.<br />          From so ungratefull fancie,<br />          From such a femall franzie,<br />          From them that use men thus<br />          Good Lord deliver us.<br />
</blockquote>
<p><br />And thus in the remaining stanzas.</p>
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                      <h1>Posted by <a href="http://posterous.com/people/10GQuVhhSMN" rel="author">Uche Ogbuji <img src=" http://files.posterous.com/user_profile_pics/12903/IMG_0920-cropped_thumb.jpg" alt="Uche Ogbuji" /></a></h1>
                    
    					
          
                    
    	        
            
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                  <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-05-30"><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/snomed-ct-management-via-semantic-web-open-so">May 30, 2010</a></time>
                
                
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                <h1><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/snomed-ct-management-via-semantic-web-open-so">SNOMED-CT Management via Semantic Web Open Source Tools Committed to Google Code</a></h1>
              
              
      	        
            
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                <p>I just <a href="http://code.google.com/p/python-dlp/source/detail?r=319">committed</a>
my working copy of the set of tools I use to manipulate and serialize
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNOMED">SNOMED-CT</a> (the Systematized
Nomenclature of Medicine) and the <a href="http://sig.biostr.washington.edu/projects/fm/">Foundational Model of
Anatomy</a> (FMA) as
OWL/RDF for use in the clinical terminology
<a href="http://copia.posterous.com/segmenting-and-merging-domain-specific-ontolo">research</a>
I&rsquo;ve been doing lately.  It is still in a very rough form and probably
not usable by anyone other than a Python / Semantic Web hacker such as
myself.  However, I&rsquo;m hoping to get it to a shape where it can be used
by others.  I had hesitated to release it mostly because of my
concerns around the SNOMED-CT license, but I&rsquo;ve been assured that as
long the hosting web site is based in the united states and (most
importantly) the software is not released <strong>with</strong> the SNOMED
distribution it should be okay.</p>

<p>I have a (mostly empty) <a href="http://code.google.com/p/python-dlp/wiki/ClinicalOntologyModules">Wiki</a> describing the command-line invocation.
It leverages <a href="http://code.google.com/p/fuxi/wiki/InfixOwl">InfixOWL</a>
and <a href="http://code.google.com/p/rdflib/">rdflib</a> to manipulate the
OWL/RDF.  Basically, once you have loaded the delimited distribution into
MySQL (the library also requires
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/">MySQLdb</a> and an
instance of MySQL to work with), you can run the command-line, giving
it one or more list of SNOMED-CT terms (by their identifiers) and it
will return an OWL/RDF representation of an extract from SNOMED-CT
around those terms.</p>

<p>So, below is an example of running the command-line to extract a
section around the term <em>Diastolic Hypertension</em> and piping the result
to the FuXi <a href="http://code.google.com/p/fuxi/wiki/FuXiUserManual#The_Command_Line">commandline</a>
in order to select a single class
(<em>sno:HypertensiveDisorderSystemicArterial</em>) and render it using (my
preferred syntax for OWL: <a href="http://www.co-ode.org/resources/reference/manchester_syntax/">the Manchester OWL syntax</a>):</p>

<div class="CodeRay">
  <div class="code"><pre><span class="no">1</span> $python ManageSNOMED-CT.py -e 48146000 -n short -s localhost -u ..mysql username.. --password=..mysql password.. -d snomed-ct | FuXi --ns=sno=tag:info@ihtsdo.org,2007-07-31:SNOMED-CT# --output=man-owl --class=sno:HypertensiveDisorderSystemicArterial --stdin
<span class="no">2</span> Class: sno:HypertensiveDisorderSystemicArterial
<span class="no">3</span>     ## Primitive Type (Hypertensive disorder) ##
<span class="no">4</span>     SNOMED-CT Code: 38341003 (a primitive concept)
<span class="no">5</span>     SubClassOf:
<span class="no">6</span>               Clinical finding
<span class="no">7</span>               Disease
<span class="no">8</span>               ( sno:findingSite some Systemic arterial structure )</pre></div>
</div>


<p>Which renders an expression that can be paraphrased as</p>

<blockquote><p>&lsquo;Hypertensive Disorder Systemic Arterial&rsquo; is a clinical finding and disease whose finding site is some structure of the <a href="http://fme.biostr.washington.edu:8089/FME/body.jsp?sel=Systemic+artery&amp;selID=10">systemic artery</a>.</p></blockquote>

<p>I can also take the <em>Burn of skin</em>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNOMED_CT#Structure">example</a> from the
Wikipedia page on SNOMED and demonstrate the same thing, rendering it
in its full (verbose) OWL/RDF/XML form:</p>

<div class="CodeRay">
  <div class="code"><pre><span class="no"> 1</span> &lt;owl:Class rdf:about=&quot;tag:info@ihtsdo.org,2007-07-31:SNOMED-CT#BurnOfSkin&quot;&gt;
<span class="no"> 2</span>   &lt;owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType=&quot;Collection&quot;&gt;
<span class="no"> 3</span>     &lt;owl:Restriction&gt;
<span class="no"> 4</span>       &lt;owl:onProperty&gt;
<span class="no"> 5</span>         &lt;owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about=&quot;tag:info@ihtsdo.org,2007-07-31:SNOMED-CT#findingSite&quot;/&gt;
<span class="no"> 6</span>       &lt;/owl:onProperty&gt;
<span class="no"> 7</span>       &lt;owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource=&quot;tag:info@ihtsdo.org,2007-07-31:SNOMED-CT#SkinStructure&quot;/&gt;
<span class="no"> 8</span>     &lt;/owl:Restriction&gt;
<span class="no"> 9</span>     &lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;tag:info@ihtsdo.org,2007-07-31:SNOMED-CT#ClinicalFinding&quot;/&gt;
<span class="no"><strong>10</strong></span>     &lt;owl:Restriction&gt;
<span class="no">11</span>       &lt;owl:onProperty&gt;
<span class="no">12</span>         &lt;owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about=&quot;tag:info@ihtsdo.org,2007-07-31:SNOMED-CT#associatedMorphology&quot;/&gt;
<span class="no">13</span>       &lt;/owl:onProperty&gt;
<span class="no">14</span>       &lt;owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource=&quot;tag:info@ihtsdo.org,2007-07-31:SNOMED-CT#BurnInjury&quot;/&gt;
<span class="no">15</span>     &lt;/owl:Restriction&gt;
<span class="no">16</span>     &lt;rdf:Description rdf:about=&quot;tag:info@ihtsdo.org,2007-07-31:SNOMED-CT#Disease&quot;/&gt;
<span class="no">17</span>   &lt;/owl:intersectionOf&gt;
<span class="no">18</span>   &lt;rdfs:label&gt;Burn of skin&lt;/rdfs:label&gt;
<span class="no">19</span>   &lt;skos:scopeNote&gt;disorder&lt;skos:scopeNote&gt;
<span class="no"><strong>20</strong></span>   &lt;skos:prefSymbol&gt;284196006&lt;/skos:prefSmbol&gt;
<span class="no">21</span> &lt;/owl:Class&gt;</pre></div>
</div>


<p>And then in its more palatable Manchester OWL form:</p>

<div class="CodeRay">
  <div class="code"><pre><span class="no">1</span> $ python ManageSNOMED-CT.py -e 284196006 -n short -s localhost -u ..username.. --password= -d snomed-ct | FuXi --ns=sno=tag:info@ihtsdo.org,2007-07-31:SNOMED-CT# --output=man-owl --class=sno:BurnOfSkin --stdin
<span class="no">2</span> Class: sno:BurnOfSkin
<span class="no">3</span>     ## A Defined Class (Burn of skin) ##
<span class="no">4</span>     SNOMED-CT Code: 284196006
<span class="no">5</span>     EquivalentTo:
<span class="no">6</span>       ( sno:ClinicalFinding and sno:Disease ) that
<span class="no">7</span>       ( sno:findingSite some Skin structure ) and (sno:associatedMorphology some Burn injury )</pre></div>
</div>


<p>Which can be paraphrased as:</p>

<blockquote><p>A clinical finding or disease whose finding site is some skin structure and whose associated <a href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/morphology">morphology</a> is injury via burn</p></blockquote>

<p>The examples above use the &lsquo;-n short&rsquo; option, which renders extracts in OWL via the short normal form which uses a procedure described in the SNOMED-CT <a href="http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/snomed/documents/transformations_to_normal_forms.pdf">manuals</a> that produces a more <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2243264/">canonical representation</a>, eliminating redundancy in the process. It currently only works with the 2007-07-31 distribution of SNOMED-CT but I&rsquo;m in the process of updating it to use the latest distribution.  The latest distribution comes with its own OWL representation and I&rsquo;m still trying to wrap my head around some <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16160352">quirks</a> in it involving <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2244464/">role groups</a> and whether or not this library would need to change so it works directly off this OWL representation instead of the primary relational distribution format.  Enjoy,
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                      <h1>Posted by <a href="http://posterous.com/people/10xO4b8IeU9" rel="author">Chimezie Ogbuji <img src=" http://files.posterous.com/user_profile_pics/15467/125123721_6a703b3e4f_o_thumb.jpg" alt="Chimezie Ogbuji" /></a></h1>
                    
    					
          
                    
    	        
            
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                  <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-05-29"><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/some-words-about-meditation-the-matrix-analog">May 29, 2010</a></time>
                
                
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                <h1><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/some-words-about-meditation-the-matrix-analog">Some Words about Meditation (The Matrix Analogy)</a></h1>
              
              
      	        
            
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                <p>I've found this spot near shaker lakes where I can do my Tai Chi Wu forms.  it is isolated from people, virtually untouched wooded parks. We seem to have quite a lot of those in the greater Cleveland area and I'm coming to appreciate them.  This one is perfect because it is overlooking open water right below where the sun sets (as you can see in the picture) and all the best Tai Chi (QiQong) practitioners I have had suggest doing it outside.  So, I did at 9am this morning because I needed to make some decisions and noticed my thoughts were getting cloudy and overrun with emotion.</p>
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<p>Tai Chi, the <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Complete-Tai-Chi-Definitive-Emotional-Self-Improvement/dp/0804818975/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;s=books&amp;qid=1275155160&amp;sr=1-1">philosophy</a> underlying it, and meditation used to be just anecdotally interesting to me (some time in University of Illinois during a Non-western Literature class, I was introduced to the <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Lieh-Tzu-Taoist-Guide-Practical-Living/dp/1570628998/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1275155217&amp;sr=1-1-fkmr0">poetry</a> of Lei Tzu and became interested) and then recently my hypertension has gotten to the point where it needs to be managed by medication and I have some difficulty doing so because I believe (at a purely intuitive level) much of high blood pressure (mine at least) has to do with the cumulative effect of living in an industrialized, modern society.  Everything is fast paced, on the go.  There is always some (mostly material) milestone we are always chasing.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>I was never consciously aware of this state of mind.  The idea of the Matrix (the movie plot) is where I was first able to concretely able to articulate it.  The mind state of just being plugged in, living out a meaningless life (because the life is basically software simulating modern industrialized society in order to preoccupy our minds as our bodies are being used as an energy source unwittingly).  Back around the time called 'The Warring States period' (about 600 years before Before Christ) there was a flourish of philosophical literature in Ancient China about the same idea and practitioners of meditation honed their art by making a science of <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Book-Balance-Harmony-Taoist-Handbook/dp/1590300777/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;s=books&amp;qid=1275155271&amp;sr=1-1">describing</a> the mental process of unleashing yourself from the mundane (they even actually called it 'the Matrix' which makes me wonder if that is where the Wachowski brothers got the idea or at least the term ).  They formulated the state of hurried mind, overrun with the 'ten thousand things' as they called them.  If you pay attention to how people obsessively text, chase polls, plug into the 24 hour news cycle you might see a pattern of society consumed by self-indulgence, accelerated chatter, and enslaved by technology.  Even me, I'm guilty of obsessively scanning Facebook, posting short nothings about something I saw or reading about some other nothing someone else saw or heard about.  Reminds me of when I used to play Counter Strike.</p>
<p>The basic idea of the particular kind of philosophy of meditation that I've been studying is to <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Taoist-Meditation-Thomas-Cleary/dp/1570625670/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;s=books&amp;qid=1275155424&amp;sr=1-1">stop thinking</a> (rather than to focus on a particular thing on its own).  I told this to my son once, and he didn't understand what it meant to 'stop thinking'.  Sounds impossible, right? It isn't.  When you are able to become aware of this 'matrix' state of mind and pay attention to your breathing, you can *maneuver* your thought process until it comes to stop completely.  There is a specific way you are supposed to breath. I'm not as good as describing it as the people who became practitioners of this, but - as I understand it - you breath like a fetus does; so the air goes to your lower abdomen and not your chest. You breath slowly, with your tongue in a special way (at the roof of your mouth) and your head suspends like you are a marionette and there is a string attached to the top of your head up to the ceiling.  When you control the breathing and it is soft in that way, you start to <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Secret-Golden-Flower-Thomas-Cleary/dp/0062501933">'turn the light around'</a> - i.e., turn the focus of your perception on to yourself and your thoughts - by becoming aware of your thoughts, where they come from, and what they are - dismissing them one at a time as you do so.</p>
<p>You continue to extinguish your thoughts by becoming aware of them until you are no longer thinking and everything you do is done from pure intuition rather than from your 'conscious' mind, the one that is like Neo before he realized he was just plugged in.  From what I understand, there are ways you can empirically verify you are in this state by seeing if you have a buoyant (intoxicated) feeling. Similar - in some sense - to how you might feel if you were hyperventilating and your pores are wide open (or you are on a narcotic or some other illegal drug).  The other effect (and this is *my* conjecture) is that you aren't anxious and cease to remain a slave to the gossipy, text messaging, twittering state of mind that modern day society wires us to have (a sort of *de facto* Matrix).</p>
<p>Usually, when I have done it properly, my blood pressure easy drops from 140 over 90, to 110 over 70.  I have to measure my BP periodically to determine if the water pill (essentially) I take is working and don't need to try something else (in some ways, my friend who is a Physician has told me, Hypertension is a Syndrome in the sense that it's etiology is not fully understood).</p>
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<p>Tai Chi is the perfect calisthenic exercise for me because it is a completely coordinated physical exercise engineered to maintain a meditative state of mind, while strengthening and stretching the body, providing all the benefits you would get from a similar calisthenic exercise: Yoga.  This might sound naive, but I'm confident if I am diligent in Tai Chi, meditation, physical activity, disciplined etc. I might get to the point where I don't need to take a water pill to manage my particular chronic disease.  So, I have a legitimate motivation, despite the fact that I get the idea that my family members - who are devout Christians  in the same evangelic manner that many First, Second generation Nigerians are - often subtly suggest that I'm spiritually 'lost' and obsessed with Chinese culture and in desperate need for 'God to take over my life and for me to give myself to Christ', etc.  I have this conversation with people who love me frequently and more often than I can count.  I'm always polite and never try to dig to deep into it, because to explain takes too long. But I wanted to try to explain it here for a change.</p>
<p>Meditation has changed my life and *my* testimony (I use the word in the same evangelic sense as they) is how I've been able to maintain after having to bury children after <a href="http://thekingdomkids.org/">unspeakable</a> tragedy (so much so that I have yet to talk about it on a blog where my brother and I write a ridiculous amount about alot of things).  It is something you can't explain but can only experience.  But meditation, and my interest in the writings during the period of the warring states period also has to do with the similarities between the times we live in and the times the authors and practitioners lived in.  There is alot of chaos, confusion, false ideology and vast power struggles; some visible, most not.  The philosophy underlying the calisthenic exercise of Tai Chi was born in a time of chaos when people were trying to understand how a people living subject to violent forces were able to maintain an ethos that made sense, gave them tools to live healthy, gave them a moral framework that required some amount of spiritual discipline, and steeled them against turbulent times.</p>
<p>As I've gotten better in understanding how to adapt to change, doing the fetal, meditative breathing thing, and become more intuitive about the Tai Chi core forms, I've been trying to find local places where I can practice the 'right way'.  So, I found this spot that is perfect for it.  I think I'm going to go back frequently.</p>
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                      <h1>Posted by <a href="http://posterous.com/people/10xO4b8IeU9" rel="author">Chimezie Ogbuji <img src=" http://files.posterous.com/user_profile_pics/15467/125123721_6a703b3e4f_o_thumb.jpg" alt="Chimezie Ogbuji" /></a></h1>
                    
    					
          
                    
    	        
            
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                  <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-05-27"><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/health-care-technology-oreillys-open-source-c">May 27, 2010</a></time>
                
                
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                <h1><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/health-care-technology-oreillys-open-source-c">Health Care Technology @ O'Reilly's Open Source Convention</a></h1>
              
              
      	        
            
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                <p>Andy Oram has recently <a href="http://radar.oreilly.com/2010/03/why-health-care-is-coming-to-t.html" title="Why health care is coming to the Open Source">written</a> about O'Reilly's Open Source convention which contains a track on health care IT. As he discusses in that article, the potential value proposition of open source software and open data initiatives (and royalty-free standards) in making a difference in how electronic medical records are stored and shared is significant. I have seen it first hand, having worked on a patient registry that is mostly composed of open source components. </p>
<p>As a result of the ARRA act (the stimulus bill), there is a significant incentive for healthcare professionals to demonstrate <strong>meaningful use</strong> of EHRs. This criteria is comprised of 3 <a href="http://skynet.ohsu.edu/~hersh/informatics.pdf%20" title="Informatics Now Lives in a HITECH World">requirements</a>:</p>
<ol>
<li>Use of certified EHR technology in a meaningful manner </li>
<li>Utilize certified EHR technology connected for health information exchange </li>
<li>Use of certified EHR technology to submit information on clinical <br />quality measures</li>
</ol>
<p>These are very broad requirements, but the way they can be achieved <br />and the role of open data / source and royalty-free standards and <br />helping achieve these requirements can be seen by looking at some of <br />the challenges [1] that currently limit the meaningful use of Health <br />Information Technology (HIT):</p>
<ol>
<li>Clinical information systems from disparate hospitals do not communicate with each other automatically because implementation of existing standards is lacking </li>
<li>Data standards for medical specialities need further development to <br />accurately communicate intricacies of care </li>
<li>Database architectures are often designed to support single <br />clinical applications and are not easily modified </li>
<li>HIT increases the cost of doing business: cost of technology, <br />training, maintenance, system optimization, and skilled personnel</li>
<li>Healthcare organizations have little recourse if a vendor fails to <br />deliver once the vendor's system becomes embedded into the <br />organization (vendor lock-in) </li>
<li>Decisions on technology acquisitions and implementations are often <br />made by people that lack clinical informatics expertise </li>
</ol>
<p>Promulgation of <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-RF">royalty-free</a> standards address the lack of standards and cost of using such standards. Involvement of multiple member organizations in developing such standards build some amount of serendipity into the systems that use them, given the rigor that typically goes into creating these standards. <p /> Open source software similarly addresses the cost of technology as well, and in addition tend to expand the pool of skilled personnel available to use them by virtue of the communities that are built around them. From these communities often come a significant resource to tap in maintaining and optimizing such systems. For example, the informatics team I work with at the Cleveland Clinic's Heart and Vascular Institute (on <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/sweo/public/UseCases/ClevelandClinic/">SemanticDB</a>) currently use MySQL as the backend for our RDF triple store and none of the developers who maintain and optimize this aspect of our software ever needed to travel to a site to learn MySQL as most of what we needed to know was widely available on various internet sites. <p /> Much of these benefits are turned on their head when healthcare organizations find themselves in the proverbial position of "vendor lock in". Vendors of HIT, like most other capitalist entities, seek to perpetuate their grip on a market via steady incline to a platform built entirely on their goods. An information technology market based on royalty-free standards and open source is a counter weight to this insofar as vendor lock in is much harder to achieve if the platforms are built to standards that were developed in concert with various industry players and thus diffusing the competition. <p /> This potential bodes well for a future HIT landscape that looks quite different from the one we have today and the impetus of the new incentives put in place by this administration might accelerate this change. For those interested in this topic, you might want to also take a look at Andy's most recent <a href="http://radar.oreilly.com/2010/05/what-i-like-about-the-health-c.html">summary</a> of the health care OSCon technology track. <p /> [1] Kadry, B. and Sanderson, I.C. and Macario, A., <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20084001" title="Challenges that limit meaningful use of health information technology">Challenges that limit meaningful use of health information technology</a>, Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, volume 23, 2010.</p>
<p> </p>
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                      <h1>Posted by <a href="http://posterous.com/people/10xO4b8IeU9" rel="author">Chimezie Ogbuji <img src=" http://files.posterous.com/user_profile_pics/15467/125123721_6a703b3e4f_o_thumb.jpg" alt="Chimezie Ogbuji" /></a></h1>
                    
    					
          
                    
    	        
            
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                  <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-05-24"><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/poetry-for-the-nervous-vol-1">May 24, 2010</a></time>
                
                
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                <h1><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/poetry-for-the-nervous-vol-1">"Poetry for the Nervous, Vol 1"</a></h1>
              
              
      	        
            
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                <p>Love poetry?  Hate poetry?  Just don&#39;t get what it&#39;s about?  Come join the discussion, <a href="http://www.thenervousbreakdown.com/uogbuji/2010/05/poetry-for-the-nervous-vol-1/">&quot;Poetry for the Nervous, Vol 1.&quot;</a></p> <p>Beside the Stanley Kunitz and Lenrie Peters pieces I lead with in the original post, there have been numerous others listed, discussed and quoted in the comments. Just in the first couple of days we have Shel Silverstein, Dr. Seuss, Kipling, Edward Lear, Stevie Smith, Lewis Carroll, Plath, Pound, Eliot, Dylan Thomas, Marianne Moore, G.M. Hopkins, Louis MacNeice, W.D. Snodgrass, Auden, Opie &amp; Opie, C. Day Lewis, Spender, Leopold Senghor, Aimé Césaire, Christopher Okigbo, James Reeves, Yeats, Lionel Johnson, Ernest Dowson, Whitman, Ginsberg, Bob Kaufman, Gregory Corso, Mallarmé, Symons, Hulme, H.D., Aldington, cummings, Meera Bai, Tony Hoagland, Philip Levine, John Clare, Sydney, Shelley, Donne, Hass, Bukowski, Siegfried Sassoon, Vera Pavlova and Geoff Kagan Trenchard.</p> <p>Also, mentions of personalities connected to poetry such as Artistotle, Peter Levi, Marjorie Perloff and Garrison Keillor, a shot out to New Zealand poets Allen Curnow, Bill Manhire, Janet Frame and James K. Baxter, and even musicians including Bob Dylan and Jefferson Airplane, Talib Kweli and M.F. Doom.</p>
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                      <h1>Posted by <a href="http://posterous.com/people/10GQuVhhSMN" rel="author">Uche Ogbuji <img src=" http://files.posterous.com/user_profile_pics/12903/IMG_0920-cropped_thumb.jpg" alt="Uche Ogbuji" /></a></h1>
                    
    					
          
                    
    	        
            
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                  <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-05-20"><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/segmenting-and-merging-domain-specific-ontolo">May 20, 2010</a></time>
                
                
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                <h1><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/segmenting-and-merging-domain-specific-ontolo">Segmenting and Merging Domain-specific Ontology Modules for Clinical Informatics (Presentation)</a></h1>
              
              
      	        
            
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</span><p>A significant set of challenges to the use of large, source ontologies in the medical domain include: automated translation, customization of source ontologies, and performance issues associated with the use of logical reasoning systems to interpret the meaning of a domain captured in a formal knowledge representation. SNOMED-CT and FMA are two reference ontologies that cover much of the domain of clinical informatics and motivate a better means for re-use. In this paper, we present a method for segmenting and merging modules from these ontologies for a specific domain that preserve the meaning of the anatomy terms they have in common.</p>
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<p>Our presentation for this FOIS 2010 paper is below.<span class="ArticlePage_Abstract"><script type="text/javascript" src='http://www.scribd.com/javascripts/view.js' ></script><div id='xJIgvEAcBa' > <a href='http://www.scribd.com'>You must have flash to see this embedded document.</a> </div><script type="text/javascript">var scribd_doc = scribd.Document.getDocFromUrl('http://posterous.com/getfile/files.posterous.com/temp-2010-05-20/vjqDFpGnkkwtsJiIkrAHpfBhFnhgnhyhAhGfcfEbyuuDkJEnfmalafBItiyJ/SegmentingMergingClinicalModules-presentation-short.pdf', 'pub-50214570658991172461');scribd_doc.addParam('height', 600);scribd_doc.addParam('width', 500);scribd_doc.addParam('public', true);scribd_doc.addParam('disable_related_docs', true);scribd_doc.addParam('my_user_id', 'user15173');scribd_doc.write('xJIgvEAcBa');</script>
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                      <h1>Posted by <a href="http://posterous.com/people/10xO4b8IeU9" rel="author">Chimezie Ogbuji <img src=" http://files.posterous.com/user_profile_pics/15467/125123721_6a703b3e4f_o_thumb.jpg" alt="Chimezie Ogbuji" /></a></h1>
                    
    					
          
                    
    	        
            
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                  <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2010-05-19"><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/quotidie-a-too-often-understated-perspective">May 19, 2010</a></time>
                
                
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                <h1><a href="http://copia.posterous.com/quotidie-a-too-often-understated-perspective">Quotīdiē ❧ A too-often understated perspective on reparations for slavery</a></h1>
              
              
      	        
            
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                <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; padding-left: 1ex;">The African role in the slave trade was fully understood and openly acknowledged by many African-Americans even before the Civil War. For Frederick Douglass, it was an argument against repatriation schemes for the freed slaves. “The savage chiefs of the western coasts of Africa, who for ages have been accustomed to selling their captives into bondage and pocketing the ready cash for them, will not more readily accept our moral and economical ideas than the slave traders of Maryland and Virginia,” he warned. “We are, therefore, less inclined to go to Africa to work against the slave trade than to stay here to work against it.”<br />
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<p>—Henry Louis Gates Jr.—<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html">"Ending the Slavery Blame-Game"</a><p />I really don't know much about Henry Louis Gates Jr. except that I got a good laugh out of reports of his response to the police officer who asked him to step outside his own house.  I did find very interesting his article about some of the inconvenient reality regarding reparations the destination countries of slavery to the descendants of those slaves.  Frederick Douglass's argument against repatriation schemes echoes into debate about reparation schemes.  I've been making a similar argument for ages, but then again it's probably easier for me to say, considering I'm the insouciant type whose 'forbear was not the one shuffled off in a coffle to Calabar for a ghastly journey and a ghastlier existence abroad.'<p /> </p>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; padding-left: 1ex;">OK, to be sure we don't treat the history of the slave trade as gingerly in Nigeria as we do in the U.S. An old girlfriend of mine was from Arochukwu, and when I wanted to tease her (which was often) I called her "slave trader". She'd call me "bushman" It's all good. Of course I didn't dwell on the fact that my Mom is from near Calabar, where the Aros would typically sell all the slaves they'd captured in their raids on the Igbo interior (where my Dad is from).<p /> 
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<p>—me—<a href="http://copia.posterous.com/want-a-slave-trade-tour-dont-miss-arochukwu-0">"Want a Slave Trade tour? Don't miss Arochukwu."</a><p />Certainly any talk of reparations for any historical evil is a mater of politics, and nothing that could be considered balanced convention or regular law.  You could certainly make a reasonable argument that descendants of slaves deserve reparations across the board, from descendants of plantation owners as well as descendants of the damnable potentates who started off the chain of commerce.  It might be a tricky one to identify the guilty parties in the latter case since I doubt there was much record keeping in the Guinea hinterlands, not even in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nsibidi">Nsibiri</a> annals of Arochukwu secret societies.  I'd personally work with our family lawyer to get us off because our name <a href="http://copia.posterous.com/ogbuji-those-good-ol-labial-velar-plosives">'Ogbuji</a>' clearly indicates that yams were our stock-in-trade, not heads.  But just as US discussion of reparations is more about government compensation schemes than inter-family vendettas, I suspect the way to go for Africa would be hand over a bunch of oil rights to the reparees.  I'm for that.  "Good riddance," I'd say, and maybe given the Deepwater Horizon, the US might be a teensy bit less jealous of mineral rights as well.<br /> <div id="rFruqwHdxB" class="posterousGalleryMainDiv"><img src="http://posterous.com/getfile/files.posterous.com/temp-2010-05-19/IIkuGoolpCHBhFgaoieljkJjlnIzDlyexxGCkwnqjArCmmoxaBFFptBGCIik/yams.gif.scaled500.gif" width="459" height="293"/></div>
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<p><span style="font-size: x-small;">(Photo from <a href="http://www.worldbank.org/html/cgiar/newsletter/Oct94/Yam.html">'A Breakthrough in Yam Breeding'</a>)</span></p>
<p>Politics and not law.  Jewish families have received reparations for slave labor in Nazi camps, and some people consider the favorable economic zoning given as a sort of ersatz autonomy to Aboriginal American groups a form of reparations.  But I don't think precedents work in such a sociological pea soup.  Maybe one day Palestinians will be able to command reparations for Israeli occupation, with funding provided through compensation for Russian Pogroms, and for the long process of disenfranchisement that led to the Warsaw Ghetto.  Maybe one day Armenians will send a bill to Turkey, and Instanbul/Constantinople can set up an electronic exchange.  Or heck, the Ibibio might send a bill to the Arochukwu, and a good number of North African and Middle Eastern countries might expect to cough up for those swept up in the Trans-Saharan slave trade.  Going back a bit further, I'd find pretty poetic the idea of a dispatch to Rome from Addis Ababa for all that <em>Carthago delenda est</em> business.  Sociological pea soup, I said.<p /> I did, however, find a central lesson for all this in Gates's piece.<p /></p>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; padding-left: 1ex;">But the sad truth is that the conquest and capture of Africans and their sale to Europeans was one of the main sources of foreign exchange for several African kingdoms for a very long time. Slaves were the main export of the kingdom of Kongo; the Asante Empire in Ghana exported slaves and used the profits to import gold. Queen Njinga, the brilliant 17th-century monarch of the Mbundu, waged wars of resistance against the Portuguese but also conquered polities as far as 500 miles inland and sold her captives to the Portuguese. When Njinga converted to Christianity, she sold African traditional religious leaders into slavery, claiming they had violated her new Christian precepts. <br />
</blockquote>
<p><br />Yes, that does sound quite Christian of her.  It's the wide and well-traveled gate in contrast to Wilberforce's skinny porthole, so go figure that when 'President Mathieu Kerekou [sic] of Benin astonished an all-black congregation in Baltimore by falling to his knees and begging African-Americans’ forgiveness for the "shameful” and “abominable” role Africans played in the trade,' he did so in church.  Oh well.  Never mind trying to make sense of it all.  I'll just hang out waiting for my own bill.  If they come for me for any sins of my forbears, they should expect me to make payment from my ancestral yam barn.</p>
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